RESEARCH PASS · 2026-09-28
What the sources
establish.
2,289 catalogue records. 911 reign records. 11 new mapped histories.
This pass searched the current catalogue and ruler inventory, retried article access, screened biographies and followed selected claims into chronicles, inscriptions and archaeological reports. Every record below has an outcome. An outcome is not necessarily a verified claim. Individual verification remains open where identity, location, chronology or original evidence is unresolved.
373 of 378 biography/context articles available for text screening
44 articles with selected narrative passages reviewed
3,966 recorded discovery queries across catalogue, ruler and lead records
6 extraction errors removed from the catalogue
The original queue had 603 leads. Following references expanded it to 886; outcomes also retain earlier leads now linked to dossiers. Repeated names, overlapping reign lists and shared source chains are not counted as independent historical evidence.
Download outcomes and source reviews (JSON) ↗ · Outcomes (CSV) ↗ · Discovery queries and returned links (JSON) ↗ · Source access and reference trails (JSON) ↗
New histories on the map
- Earlier temple recorded at Poonamallee ↗
- Chakrasvamin shrine, historical Thanesar ↗
- Shobhnath Jain temple remains, Shravasti ↗
- Nagareshvara / Arvattukambhada Temple, Bankapur ↗
- Historical temple in Kondapalli fort ↗
- Dwarkadhish Temple, Dwarka ↗
- Earlier temple at Deval Masjid, Bodhan ↗
- Amaravati stupa remains ↗
- Kanaganahalli stupa remains ↗
- Lalitgiri Buddhist temple remains ↗
- Ruined Gupta temple, Udayagiri ↗
At Poonamallee the inscription names Rustam Beg under Mir Jumla and Abdullah Qutb Shah. At Bodhan, the conversion patron is disputed. At Bankapur, a proposed 1406 episode is less certain than the later architectural losses. The new Buddhist and Gupta remains have no inferred destroyer.
Find a research outcome
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How much was actually read?
Search results are discovery leads. Text screening identifies possible passages; it can miss relevant material and produce false matches. “Selected narrative passages” means those passages were read and assessed, not that every source in the bibliography was read. A search with no relevant result cannot prove that an event never occurred.
The article archive now contains 21,626 reference entries from 707 retrieved articles, out of 809 attempted titles. These include duplicates, short footnotes and further reading; they are not that many distinct books or verified accounts.
Underlying sources consulted in this pass
These are selected readings, with page locators and limits. Earlier Tipu, Mughal and Delhi source reviews remain available separately.
G. Yazdani, Some Muslim Inscriptions from the Madras Presidency and Orissa
Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica 1937–38, pp. 52–54, including p. 53 note 2. Original OCR checked against the independently retrieved text. Weathered marginal inscription; completion date is not a demolition day.
J. N. Sarkar, The Life of Mir Jumla
Selected printed pp. 86, 91 note 43, 311–312. Follows the Poonamallee inscription and distinguishes pillage at Dewalgaon from occupation elsewhere.
Elliot and Dowson, History of India, volume II
Utbi extract pp. 40–41; chronological discussion pp. 450–454. Translation and editorial reconstruction, not direct reading of the Persian or Arabic originals.
ASI Annual Report 1907–08: Excavations at Saheth-Maheth
Printed pp. 113–116, Sobhnath section. Original OCR consulted. The conquest attribution on p. 114 cites a ballad recorded by Hoey; the report is not contemporary testimony to the attack.
Henry Cousens, The Chalukyan Architecture of the Kanarese Districts
Printed pp. 94–96. Physical description and Firishta quotation read. The proposed 1406 episode is qualified as probable. The accessed OCR reads Haidar Ali/1797, a problematic combination not used as event evidence; the printed numeral was not visually collated.
Firishta, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Briggs translation, volume II
Printed pp. 305–308. Retrospective court history. The ruler called Mahomed Shah Bahmuny II here is the late-fifteenth-century ruler generally numbered Muhammad III Lashkari today.
Firishta, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Briggs translation, volume III
Printed pp. 82–84, Bankapur campaign. Chronicle narrative checked; not a measured inventory of destroyed fabric.
Firishta, History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power, Briggs translation, volume IV
Jugut/Bet episode, printed p. 36 of this edition. Pagination differs from the edition cited by Commissariat.
M. S. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, volume I
Printed pp. 173–175 read, with notes leading to Firishta IV, Bayley and the Arabic History. These are related accounts, not three independent eyewitnesses.
G. Yazdani, Annual Report of the Nizam’s Archaeological Department, 1914–15
Published 1916; printed pp. 3–4 read. Early interpretation of temple identity, conversion and loose inscriptions. Later scholarship contests the ruler attribution.
Richard M. Eaton, Muhammad bin Tughluq and Temples of the Deccan, 1321–26
Sultans of the South (2011), printed pp. 180–187 visually read in the publisher PDF, including note 9 on the loose Bodhan inscriptions. Firecrawl rejected the 80 MB PDF; publisher download and rendered pages were used.
Jonaraja, Kings of Kashmira, J. C. Dutt translation, second series
Printed pp. 59–60 read. Court chronicle names images and Sikandar/Suhabhatta; it does not measure destruction at each surviving ruin or securely locate every named shrine.
Ruler passage findings
These findings cover the matched passages in 44 articles. They do not certify complete histories of all 911 reign records.
Ahmad Shah Durrani
The Mathura/Vrindavan account concerns a campaign and names Jahan Khan in the field; it does not identify every damaged shrine. The Golden Temple has a separate dossier. Do not turn a city-wide account into many unnamed temples.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Ahmad Shah I
Rudra Mahalaya is already mapped. The Delvada/Delwara campaign remains an aggregate claim; the individual earlier shrines and competing 1432/1433 dates need original-source reconciliation.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Ahmad Shah II
The matched passage concerns a shrine legend and an elephant episode; it is not evidence that this ruler attacked a temple.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Akbar
A Chittor victory-letter claim needs its underlying edition and chronology checked. A nearby 1575 date cannot be attached to the 1568 siege. Nagarkot remains in the earlier case review.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Alamgir II
The matched violence is attributed to Marathas against Muslim religious buildings, not to Alamgir II against the sacred-site traditions in scope.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Alauddin Husain Shah
The Orissa passage reports temple losses generally, through later historical writing. It does not establish a named temple, a surveyed location or the ruler’s personal participation.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Alauddin Hussain Shah
Alias of the Bengal ruler article; its repeated Orissa claim is one source family, not independent corroboration.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Alauddin Khalji
Named campaign claims lead to the existing Somnath, Chidambaram and Madurai dossiers and the imperial review. The Jalor Jain-fair account does not by itself identify a demolished temple building.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Aurangzeb
Consult alongside the earlier source review and named dossiers. General orders, reported totals and protection grants are distinct from dated damage at an individually identified site.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Babur
The Urwa image order is documented in the memoir. A metaphor about wine vessels is not a temple attack; the advice about protecting shrines is likewise not damage evidence. The memoir passage is dated 1528, despite a 1527 caption elsewhere.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Bengal Sultanate
The Nepal raid chronology varies across reference accounts. The original inscription and chronicle chain need reconciliation before assigning an exact day to Pashupatinath or Swayambhu.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Bijapur Sultanate
Vijayanagara/Hampi is already mapped. For Bankapur the newly consulted Firishta passage and Cousens survey support a separate, qualified dossier; the surviving hall prevents a claim of total loss.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Dara Shikoh
The matched passage concerns the Golden Temple foundation tradition, not an attack by Dara Shikoh.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Dost Mohammad Khan, Nawab of Bhopal
The Sanchi statue anecdote blames his brother Aqil and says Dost Mohammad admonished him. The biography’s underlying conservation-history passage remains unverified; do not assign the damage to Dost Mohammad.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Dost Mohammad of Bhopal
Duplicate/alias source for the Sanchi anecdote. Aqil, not Dost Mohammad, is the alleged damaging actor; the underlying passage still needs access.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Durrani Empire
The Golden Temple damage account overlaps the Ahmad Shah Durrani biography and the existing Sikh dossier; repeated narrative is not another event.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Firuz Shah Tughlaq
The Gaya Surya Kund item concerns repairs, not destruction there. The ruler’s memoir and Afif supply separately reviewed cases; each needs its own site identification.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Ghaznavids
Somnath and the Mathura campaign occur in an overview. The Chakrasvamin image at Thanesar now has a separately sourced dossier; generic Mathura totals are not converted into individual sites.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Ghurids
The Banaras campaign is an aggregate. Bihar monastery attributions must retain the Nalanda/Odantapuri/Vikramashila identification problems in their dossiers.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Hoshang Shah
The article describes Jain building activity and says no temple demolitions are recorded in its account. This is evidence about that account, not proof that no damage ever occurred during his reign.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Iltutmish
The Ujjain case is already mapped. The unnamed Bhilsa temple in the chronicle is not automatically the Bijamandal archaeological footprint.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Ilyas Shah
The Nepal raid is repeated under several names. Searches traced it to Nepali historical writing and an inscription cited in reporting; dates differ and the original inscription remains to be read.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Jahangir
The Pushkar image order is read in his memoir. The Kangra/Sirhindi narrative contains citation and chronology problems and must not be used as an unqualified direct order.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Jalal-ud-din Khalji
The Jhain account reports temple and image damage, but a campaign locality is not an identification of each earlier shrine. The source chain is retained in the imperial cases.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Madurai Sultanate
The matched Srirangam restoration passage concerns recovery after earlier conflict; it does not by itself identify a new damaging actor.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Mahmud Begada
Commissariat and Firishta passages were followed for Dwarka/Bet. 14 May 1473 is the expedition’s departure date, not the exact demolition day. Bet’s earlier principal shrine remains an identity problem.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Mahmud of Ghazni
Thanesar’s Chakrasvamin image can be identified through al-Biruni; the raid’s chronology differs across accounts. Somnath is already mapped; Mathura’s aggregate losses remain separate.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Mir Jumla II
Poonamallee leads to a bilingual inscription naming Rustam Beg under Mir Jumla and Abdullah Qutb Shah. Sarkar distinguishes pillage at Dewalgaon from occupation at other Assam shrines; occupation is not automatically demolition.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji
Nalanda, Odantapuri and Vikramashila are already mapped with source limitations. Retain uncertainty about which monastery an unnamed Bihar fort account describes.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Muhammad bin Qasim
The Debal temple’s identification with a specific Banbhore footprint remains unsettled. At Multan, retention and desecration of the idol are different from the later destruction account.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Muhammad bin Tughluq
Bodhan was checked against Yazdani and Eaton 2011: the conversion patron is disputed, and loose inscriptions do not record a mosque dedication. Kalyana’s Madhukesvara repair in 1326 is a counterexample to automatic attribution by reign. Sambhal/Chinese-embassy geography remains unresolved.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Muhammad of Ghor
The Kiradu case is already represented; Banaras is an aggregate campaign account. Tus is outside the confirmed geographic scope.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Muzaffar Shah I
The Somnath account overlaps an existing dossier; different references give 1394/1395. Repetition under a title variant does not establish another shrine or an exact day.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Muzaffar Shah II
The matched destruction is attributed to Rana Sanga and concerns mosques; it does not establish a temple attack by Muzaffar II.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Qutb ud-Din Aibak
Hasan Nizami’s Kuhram, Kol, Meerut and Kalinjar claims concern campaigns and groups of buildings. Keep them distinct from the individually documented Ajmer/Qutb architectural dossiers.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Sabuktigin
The frontier-temple conversion account gives no secure individually located shrine. Retain it as an aggregate claim needing the underlying Wink passage, not a point on the map.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Shah Alam II
The matched passage concerns Sikh gurdwara construction in 1783, not an attack by this emperor.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Shah Jahan
The 76 unfinished temples in the Benares district form a reported aggregate in the earlier review. The Ahmedabad Jain episode is attributed to Aurangzeb as governor, not automatically to Shah Jahan personally.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Shah Mir dynasty
Jonaraja’s translated pp. 59–60 name images and Sikandar/Suhabhatta. Later interpretations of motivation differ. Vishaya, Ishana and other historical names require independent identification before mapping.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah
Alias/repeated account of the Nepal expedition; 1346, 1349 and 1350 appear in reference material. Do not count these as three invasions without reconciliation.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Sikandar Khan Lodi
General claims are linked to the existing imperial case review. Named places in the table still require individual building identification.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Sulaiman Khan Karrani
Kamakhya is already mapped. Hajo/Hayagriva Madhava is a lead with chronology and attribution questions; a later rebuilding date does not alone identify a destroyer.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Tipu Sultan
The earlier 43-lead source review remains applicable. Sringeri damage is attributed to Maratha attackers and Tipu’s role there is restoration support; the two must not be inverted.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Tughral Tughan Khan
The matched account concerns conflict with Narasimhadeva and city/campaign losses, not an individually identified temple destroyed by Tughan Khan.
Matched narrative passages and selected linked sources; not the entire bibliography or a complete reign history.
Article and its references ↗Unresolved source branches
These require more than a name match. Their cited passages and missing checks are preserved so later research can build on this pass.
Madhukesvara temple, Kalyana
Eaton 2011 pp. 185–187 describes linga damage by unidentified people during a rebellion and repair authorized by Khwaja Ahmad, with a 10 November 1326 charter. Muhammad bin Tughluq is not established as the destroyer. Follow P. B. Desai 1957–58 pp. 165–170 and locate the historical shrine.
Source trail ↗Pashupatinath and the Ilyas Shah raid
Reporting cites Acharya, Regmi and a Swayambhu inscription for damage in the Nepal raid. 1346/1349/1350 occur in reference material; exact chronology and the original inscription need reconciliation. The newspaper is read; cited originals are not.
Source trail ↗Tripureshvara image in Jonaraja
Dutt’s Jonaraja translation pp. 59–60 names Tripureshvara among images broken under Sikandar/Suhabhatta. The modern footprint is not established. Do not substitute a similarly named shrine in Nepal.
Source trail ↗Vishaya image in Jonaraja
Dutt pp. 59–60 reads Vishaya. The relationship to Vijayeshvara at Bijbehara requires a philological/geographic source; no automatic identification.
Source trail ↗Dewalgaon temple, Assam
Sarkar pp. 311–312 describes pillage at Dewalgaon during Mir Jumla’s Assam campaign. It separately describes control of Kamakhya and other places. A secure modern shrine identity and coordinate remain unresolved.
Source trail ↗Earlier principal shrine at Bet, 1473
Commissariat I p. 174 names a principal shrine destroyed at Bet in the 1473 campaign. Do not choose between modern Ranchhodji and Shankh Narayan shrines without evidence. Related Dwarka dossier is distinct.
Source trail ↗Kanchi temple in Firishta’s Bahmani campaign
Briggs II p. 308 describes storming and plundering a wealthy temple at Kanchi, but does not name its deity. Eaton’s approximate 1478 date and the narrative sequence require checking; no present-day temple is assumed.
Source trail ↗Sanchi image and Aqil Khan anecdote
The biography blames Aqil, the ruler’s brother, and says Dost Mohammad rebuked him. The cited conservation-history book was located only as metadata. Neither an attack by Dost Mohammad nor its date has been independently verified.
Source trail ↗Isanesvara name collision
The retrieved Isanesvara Siva Temple is in Odisha. It does not identify the Ishana image in Jonaraja’s Kashmir account.
Source trail ↗Full ruler survey ↗ · Mughal, Delhi and Multan reference web ↗ · Tipu source review ↗