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Khaspur
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01. ↑"In the 13th century the Dimasa kingdom extended along the south bank of the Brahmputra, from Dikhou to Kallang and included the Dhansiri Valley and the North Cachar Hills, with its capital at Dimapur." ( Bhattacharjee 1987
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed02. ↑All the possibilities of the Kachari kingdom at Sadiya or some other places of Northeast India remain unproven theories until concrete evidence is provided. Therefore, as a term denoting this particular social group, I prefer Dimasa to Kachari in the following discussion.( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed03. ↑( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed04. ↑"In the 13th century the Dimasa kingdom extended along the south bank of the Brahmaputra, from Dikhou to Kallang and included the Dhansiri Valley and the North Cachar Hills."; "During 16th to 18th century AD they established a State of their own which covered modern South Assam (Barak Valley, parts of Assam Valley and intervening North Cachar Hills) and some parts of Nagaland and Manipur." ( Bhattacharjee 1987
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed05. ↑"Dimasa conceive of themselves as the rulers and subjects of the Dimasa kingdom." ( Ramirez 2007
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed06. ↑"During the 13th-16th centuries, while these continued to represent the rule over older peasant settlements in western and central Assam, there emerged alongside them also new kingdoms from several tribal bases, then undergoing a process of politico-economic transformation. These kingdoms did not represent mere dynastic changes in an ongoing political society. Rather, they were almost new state formations in a seemingly political vacuum. The Chutiya, Ahom, Dimasa, Jaintia and Koch states were such formations." ( Guha 1983
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed07. ↑Saikia 1997, pp.100, fn.228, 185, 187.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed08. ↑( Guha 1983, fn. 16) "The prefix Kha does not appear in the Tai words for the Dimasa and the Chutiya, probably because they were neither stateless, nor were they solely shifting cultivators."
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed09. ↑( Banerjee 1990
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed10. ↑( Banerjee 1990
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed11. ↑"Ahom chronicals attest the existence of "Timisa kings" ( _khun-timisa_) who ruled over a large area of middle Assam, initially from Dimapur on the western foothills of present-day Nagaland." ( Ramirez 2007
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed12. ↑( Chatterji 1951
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed13. ↑"An important change in the Dimasa political tradition occurred in the mid-eighteenth century, probably 1745, 1750 or 1755, when the centre of administration was moved from Maibang to Khaspur in the plains of Cachar.87 From this time onwards, the Dimasa rulers used the title ‘the Lord of Heḍamba’ in their _own_ records." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed14. ↑( Shin 2020 "The name Hiḍimbā continued to be used in the official records when the East India Company took over the administration of Cachar. This is clear from a seal of the Superintendent of the District of Cachar of 1835. See Gait, Report on the Progress of Historical Research in Assam, p. 10.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed15. ↑( Bhattacharjee 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed16. ↑"(T)he Kacharis of North Cachar believe that they once ruled in Kamarupa and their royal family traced its descent from the Rajas of that country, from the line of _Ha-tsung-tsa_." ( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed17. ↑"\the coin struck by Vīravijayanārāyaṇa, dated 1442 Śaka (1520 ad)\ bears the legend describing the king as ‘a worshipper at the feet of the goddess Chandī and a subduer of the foes of Hāchengsā’."( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed18. ↑"The tradition current among the Dimasas of Cachar mention their kingdom in ancient Kamarupa and how during a political turmoil they had to cross the big river (Brahmaputra; _Dilao_) and a large section of their people were washed away." ( Bhattacharjee 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed19. ↑"(That the Chutiyas and Sadiyal Kacharis were identical) is also supported by the similarities in traditions and religious beliefs associated with both the tribes." ( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed20. ↑"(B)y demonstrating that these people spoke a Dimasa dialect, we also show that a large part of Upper Assam spoke ancient Dimasa." ( Jaquesson 2017
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed21. ↑"There is at Sadiya a shrine of _Kechai Khaiti_, the tutelary deity of the Kacharis, which the Dimasa rulers continued to worship even after the establishment of their rule in Cachar." ( Bhattacharjee 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed22. ↑"Kechai Khati worshipped by Bodo-kacharis". Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗23. ↑"Rabhas worship Kechai-khati and celebrate the Kechai-khati festival once every year". Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗24. ↑"Kechai-khati festival of Rabhas". Archived from the original on 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗25. ↑The Tiwas, as well as the Koch, also worshipped Kechai Kati. The Koch general Gohain Kamal built temples dedicated to Kesai Khati in Khaspur for the Dehans who were Tiwa and Mech soldiers from Gobha, Nellie and Kabi.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed26. ↑Prakash, Col Ved (2007). _Kechai-khati worship of Chutias_. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0704-5. Archived from the original on 2023-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗27. ↑( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed28. ↑" The very first example comes from the coin struck by Vīravijayanārāyaṇa, dated 1442 Śaka (1520 AD). It bears the legend describing the king as ‘a worshipper at the feet of the goddess Chandī and a subduer of the foes of Hāchengsā’. Vīravijayanārāyaṇa is a name apparently unrecorded in other sources, but Rhodes considers that it was probably the Sanskrit name adopted by Dimasa king Khorapha, who was killed during the Ahom invasion in 1526." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed29. ↑( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed30. ↑"Those Kachari clans which were most closely connected with the raja and his entourage were the first to rise to dominant positions. They were the Bodosa, the most senior, known as the former ruling clan; the Thaosengsa, the clan to which the ruling dynasty belonged in the period for which data are available; the Hasyungsa, the clan of the king's relatives (Crace 1930)."( Maretina 2011
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed31. ↑"As Gait pointed out, the only trustworthy information regarding the early history of the Dimasas is contained in the Ahom chronicles, though the details are almost confined to a narrative of wars." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed32. Jump up to: 1 2( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed33. ↑"(P)robably in the reign of the second Ahom king Sutepha (1268–81), the outlying Dimasa settlements, east of the Dikhu river, withdrew before the advance of the Ahoms." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed34. ↑( Phukan 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed35. ↑"\T\he only trustworthy information regarding the early history of the Dimasas is contained in the Ahom chronicles, though the details are almost confined to a narrative of wars. A reading from these records suggests that the sphere of Dimasa influence in the thirteenth century seemed to extend from the Dikhu river to the Kallang river and also include the Dhansiri valley and the north Cachar hills." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed36. ↑( Bhattacharjee 1987
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed37. ↑( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed38. ↑"Because rice cultivation was the mainstay, the early settlers at times occupied segments of the fertile banks to practice wet-rice cultivation. For this, they had to resort to different tactics, including war and bribery, to oust other groups such as the Kacharis who were also making claims to the banks at strategic points and controlling the water supply."( Saikia 2004
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed39. ↑"In the reign of Swargadeo Rudra Singha (1696-1714), the Kachari king, Jai Singh, sent message demanding the return of the territory that the Tai-Ahoms had occupied from them. Livid with anger, Rudra Singha bodily 'attacked the messenger, tore the letter and asked his courtiers to chase the man out of the capital complex. An army was sent to confiscate 'the rice fields' and attack the Kachari capital at Demara Maibang."
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed40. ↑"Maringkhowa Bahbariya Barchetia Gohain was asked to confiscate the rice fields of the Kacharis. From this and other evidence, it is clear that rice cultivation was practised in the Lauhitya valley much before the Tai-Ahoms settled there. This was reported to the Tai-Ahoms by the Barahi chief. The Kacharis had devised a way to build embankments to divert water into channals, thereby creating areas where paddy cultivation was possible. Such a system allowed for more than subsistence-level agriculture. The production of rice-beer was an established Kachari tradition when the Tai-Ahoms occupied their riverine fields. In contrast to the Kacharis, the Morans and the Barahis were mostly gatherers and petty traders."( Saikia 1997:100, fn. 228)
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed41. ↑"From the beginning, the Tai-Ahom and Kachari relationship was determined by the struggle for control of the fertile riverine Dikhoumukh. The Kachari culture was a rice culture. Through their knowledge and practice of wet-rice cultivation, the Kacharis distinguished themselves from the 'wild' hunter-gatherers and nonrice cultivators."( Saikia 1997
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed42. ↑Lahiri 1984, pp.64–65.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed43. ↑( Guha 1983, fn. 16) "The prefix Kha does not appear in the Tai words for the Dimasa and the Chutiya, probably because they were neither stateless, nor were they solely shifting cultivators."
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed44. ↑https://www.arfjournals.com/image/catalog/Journals Papers/JHAA/2024/No 1 (2024)/1\_Nienu.pdf
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗45. ↑"Excavations at Rajbari, Dimapur, Nagaland Reveal the Kachari Civilization to the 3rd century AD". _MorungExpress_. Retrieved 2026-04-03.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗46. ↑"Ahom chronicles attest the existence of "Timisa kings" ( _khun timisa_), who ruled over a large area of Middle Assam, initially from Dimapur on the Western foothills of present-day Nagaland. They were driven by the Ahom towards the south to their present habitat where in 1540 they founded the Hedamba kingdom." ( Ramirez 2007
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed47. ↑"They were known to the Ahoms as Timisa, clearly a corruption of Dimasa." ( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed48. ↑"In 1490 during the reign of Suhenphaa (1488-93), there was a conflict with the Dimasa Kacharis, but the Ahoms sued for peace by offering a princess to the Kachari king." ( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed49. ↑"(I)t was not until about 1490 that specific conflicts between the Ahoms and the Kacharis are recorded. In that year an Ahom army, sent by King Suchangpha, was defeated on the banks of the river Dikhu. The Ahom king then offered a girl, two elephants and twelve slaves to the Kacharis, to induce them to make peace." ( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed50. Jump up to: 1 2( Phukan 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed51. ↑"The Kacharis, who had ceded the tract east of the Dikhau river upto the Namdang during the reign of Suteupha was, had recovered their lost possessions at the end of the 15th century, when Suteupha (1488-95) was on the Ahom throne." ( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed52. ↑Daityari mentions the aggressors were _Kacharis_. Ramananda mentions _Kachari_ or _Kirata_. The Bordowa-carita and the Katha-Guru-Carit mention _Kachari_. See the footnote at ( Neog 1980
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed53. ↑"The few Kachari families, who lived on the outskirts of the Bhuyan lands, often let their cattle roam into the latter's crop and lay it in waste.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed54. ↑Sankardev provides a list of people in Assam who were outside the pale of Hinduism at that time in Book II of his Bhagavad Purana. "In this list the terms _Kuvaca_ and _Mleca_ possibly point to the Koches and Mechs, while _Kirata_ and _Kachari_ are synonymous, and both together are meant to include the Kacharis and others of the Mongoloid group." ( Neog 1980
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed55. ↑"One of the earliest references is found in the Kacharir Niyam or the Rule of Kacharis which is the codes of administration introduced by king Tamradhvajanārāyaṇa (1697–708?)." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed56. ↑"In the absence of any Dimasa chronicles until the eighteenth century, coins and inscriptions constitute their early historical sources which provide important information about genealogical claims revealing a political process. The very first example comes from the coin struck by Vīravijayanārāyaṇa, dated 1442 Śaka (1520 ad)." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed57. ↑"The Ahom military chronicles, but there is no record of any defeat by the Kacharis in 1520. However, as described above, the Cooch Beharis were consolidating and expanding their territory eastwards just at this time and these events are not well recorded in their chronicles, so that this first Kachari coin may commemorate a decisive victory that stopped Cooch Behar from expnading further to the east." ( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed58. ↑"The legend on this coin reads: (Obv) _Śrī Śrī Vī/ra Vijaya Nā/rāyana Chandī Charana Parā-/1442_ (Rev) _-yana Hā/chengsā Śa/tru Mardana de/va 1424_." See Rhodes and Bose, A History of Dimasa Kacharis, p. 14. ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed59. ↑"Even the king may not have acquired any appropriate kshatriya genealogy in the early sixteenth century. Hāchengsā, referred to as the ancestor of king Vīravijayanārāyaṇa in the coin, is unquestionably a Bodo name which is not found in Epic and Puranic traditions. ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed60. ↑"In any case this piece is the first coin known to have been struck by any of the Hindu rulers of Brahmaputra valley. Presumably, the Kacharis took the idea of coinage from the Muslim sultans of Bengal and the Hindu rulers of Tripura, and it is not surprising to find the same standard was used." ( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed61. ↑Mukherjee, Rila (2011). _Pelagic Passageways: The Northern Bay of Bengal Before Colonialism_. Primus Books. p.147\. ISBN 978-93-80607-20-7.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗62. ↑( Baruah 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed63. ↑"Kachari King Khorapha who was killed during an Ahom attack in 1526..." ( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed64. ↑( Bhattacharjee 1987b
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed65. ↑"(The Ahoms) adopted conciliatory approach and the Kacharis readily agreed...the Kacharis withdrew to the west of the Dhansiri and the Ahoms became the master of the territory between the Dikhow and the Dhansiri..." ( Phukan 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed66. ↑( Bhattacharjee 1987b
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed67. Jump up to: 1 2 3( Phukan 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed68. ↑"Khunkhara fled with his son, and a prince called Detsung was installed as king in his place. The new king gave his sister in marriage to the Ahom king along with presents, including an elephant, 500 rolls of cloth, 1,000 napkins, 100 doolies, and Rs. 1,000 in cash." ( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed69. ↑"Suhummong proclaimed Detchung as the Raja of the Kacharis and advised him to be loyal to himself and his descendants. Henceforth the Kachari kings were termed as _thepita-sanchita_ (established and preserved)." ( Phukan 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed70. ↑( Sarkar 1992b
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed71. ↑“The Ahoms thus became masters
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed72. ↑“Their capital at Dimapur was twice occupied. A permanent official known as the Marangi Khowa Gohain was appointed to hold the lower valley of the Dhansiri.” ( Gait 1906
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed73. ↑( Gait 1906
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed74. ↑( Gait 1906
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed75. ↑"The ruins of Dimapur, which include a brick wall of the aggregate length of nearly 2 miles and 2 tanks about 300 yards square, are indicative of a city of considerable size." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed76. ↑"The curved battlement of the gateway, as well as the ponted arch over the entrance, pointed distinctly to the Bengali style of Mohammadan architecture." (Description from Gait) ( Bhattacharjee 1987
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed77. ↑( Bhattacharjee 1987
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed78. ↑"However, no clear trace of temples and images in the Dimapur ruins raises doubt about the scale and intensity of Brahmanisation in the early history of the Dimasas...But no Brahmanical temples or images are mentioned in this Buranji record, a silence which continues in the site description of 1874 as well." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed79. ↑( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed80. ↑"Nirbhayanārāyaṇa (1559–63), the son of Dersongpha who led the Dimasas to Maibong, the new capital, located on the bank of the Mahur river in the north Cachar hills."( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed81. ↑"The epithet, 'the one born to the Hāchengsā lineage', became a well-established tradition of Dimasa rulers for almost a hundred years, according to the legends of the coins issued by Meghanārāyaṇa (1566–83), Yaśonārāyaṇa (1583–601), Indrapratāpanārāyaṇa (1601–10), Naranārāyaṇa (1610–?), Darpabhīmanārāyaṇa (?–1637) and Vīradarpanārāyaṇa (1643–?); and the two stone inscriptions issued by Meghanārāyaṇa on the occasion of the erection of the gateway in Maibong in 1576." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed82. ↑"The earlier legend, describing Vīravijayanārāyaṇa as the destroyer of enemies of Hāchengsā (hāchengsā-śatru-mardana-deva), emphasises a ruler’s successful military action, whereas the legend hāchengsā-vaṃśaja stresses his genealogy. The strategy for legitimising the authority of a king seems to have changed from deed to birth." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed83. ↑"Keeping these aspects of their genealogical claims in mind, the title 'the Lord of Heḍamba' (heḍambādhipati) seemed to be first applied to the Dimasa kings by others, presumably the people living in the area where sedentary agriculture and Brahmanical expansion proceeded in earlier periods." ( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed84. ↑"Though it is not known exactly when they came to earn this title, certainly by the sixteenth century, other people dwelling on plains called them the Lord of Heḍamba."( Shin 2020
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed85. Jump up to: 1 2( Sarkar 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed86. ↑"After the successful Assam campaign in 1564 Nara Narayan and Chilarai first advanced via Morang (i.e. Marangi) to Demera (Dimarua). Its Raja Pantheshwar, a feudatory of the Kacharis, sought Koch protection from their oppressions or depredations, became a feudatory of Nara Narayan and was appointed warden of the marches in the south against Jaintia." ( Sarkar 1992
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed87. ↑"Chilarai made an administrative centre at Brahmapur, later known as Khaspur, in order to maintain diplomatic relations with the adjoining states and for the collection of tributes. Kamalnarayan, popularly known as Gosain Kamal...was appointed the governor of Kachar who was called the first _Dewan Raja_. ( Nath 1989
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed88. ↑"By this time the Kacharis had completely withdrawn from the Dhansiri Valley, which had reverted into the jungle, forming a natural barrier between the Ahoms and the Kacharis. The Ahoms still, however, regarded the Kacharis as being a subsidiary nation." ( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed89. ↑"...but when the next king, Tamradhvaja, boldly proclaimed his independence, the Ahom King Rudra Singha invaded Kachar in December 1706. Tamradhvaja could offer little resistance, and Maibong was soon occupied and its fort demolished."( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed90. Jump up to: 1 2"The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai's invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong." ( Bhattacharjee 1994
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed91. ↑E.A. Gait (ed), Census of India, 1891, Vol. 1 (Assam), Shillong, 1892, p. 235.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed92. ↑( Cantile 1980
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed93. Jump up to: 1 2( Nag 2018
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed94. ↑"Thus it is clear that this is an invented tradition by the Brahman pundits in the later stage of the monarchy in the Cachar plains. Although this is fictitious, people within the community strongly believe in this story of their ancestry." ( Bathari 2014
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed95. ↑( Bose 1985, p.14)
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed96. ↑( Rhodes 1986
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed1. ↑Kachari communities are described as growing rice in paddy fields and using embankments and channels to manage water for paddy cultivation\7\, and Guha notes that the Tai names for the Dimasa and Chutia peoples lacked the prefix _Kha_, probably because they were neither stateless nor exclusively dependent on shifting cultivation.\8\
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Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed- Sarkar, J. N. (1992b), "Assam and her pre-Mughal Invaders", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.), _The Comprehensive History of Assam_, vol.2, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp.127–142
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed- Shin, Jae-Eun (2020). "Descending from demons, ascending to kshatriyas: Genealogical claims and political process in pre-modern Northeast India, The Chutiyas and the Dimasas". _The Indian Economic and Social History Review_. **57** (1): 49–75\. doi: 10.1177/0019464619894134. S2CID 213213265.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗- Saikia, Sayeeda Yasmin (1997). _In the Meadows of Gold: Telling Tales of the Swargadeos at the Crossroads of Assam_. Guwahati: Spectrum Publications. ISBN 81-85319-61-8.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed- Saikia, Yasmin (2004). _Fragmented Memories: Struggling to Be Tai-Ahom in India_. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-3373-9.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed- Lahiri, Nayanjot (1984). "The Pre-Ahom Roots of Medieval Assam". _Social Scientist_. **12** (6): 60–69\. doi: 10.2307/3517004. JSTOR 3517004.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗
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