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Khalji Dynasty
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1. ↑Grey flag with black vertical stripe according to the _Catalan Atlas_ (c. 1375): in the depiction of the Delhi Sultanate in the Catalan Atlas
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed2. ↑In medieval Persian manuscripts, the word can be read as either "Khalji" or "Khilji" because of the omission of short vowel signs in orthography,\83\ but "Khalji" is the correct name.\84\
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed01. Jump up to: 1 2Kadoi, Yuka (2010). "On the Timurid flag". _Beiträge zur islamischen Kunst und Archäologie_. **2**: 148\. doi: 10.29091/9783954909537/009. S2CID 263250872.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗ Additional / archive link ↗02. Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). _A Historical atlas of South Asia_. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.38\. ISBN 0226742210.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗03. ↑Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). _A Historical atlas of South Asia_. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p.38\. ISBN 0226742210.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗04. Jump up to: 1 2Lee, Jonathan L. (2022). _Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present_. Reaktion Books. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-78914-019-4. The Khaljis and other Afghan tribes kept apart from their mostly Hindu subjects, living in cantonments, or _mahalas_, based on clan affiliation. Jalal al-Din Firuz, the first Khalji Sultan, even refused to attend the court in Delhi, and built a new capital a few kilometers away in the Afghan enclave of Kilokhri.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗05. ↑Keith Brown; Sarah Ogilvie (2008), _Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World_, Elsevier, ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7, Apabhramsha seemed to be in a state of transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to the New Indo-Aryan stage. Some elements of Hindustani appear
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗06. Jump up to: 1 2"Arabic and Persian Epigraphical Studies - Archaeological Survey of India". Asi.nic.in. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2010.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗07. ↑"Khalji Dynasty". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 November 2014. This dynasty, like the previous Slave dynasty, was of Turkish origin, though the Khaljī tribe had long been settled in Afghanistan. Its three kings were noted for their faithlessness, their ferocity, and their penetration to the South of India.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗08. ↑Dynastic Chart The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 2, _p. 368._
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗09. ↑Sen, Sailendra (2013). _A Textbook of Medieval Indian History_. Primus Books. pp.80–89\. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed10. ↑Mohammad Aziz Ahmad (1939). "The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India. (1206-1290 A.d.)". _Proceedings of the Indian History Congress_. **3**. Indian History Congress: 832–841\. JSTOR 44252438.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗11. ↑"The Countenance of the other (The Coins of the Huns and Western Turks in Central Asia and India) 2012-2013 exhibit: Chorasan Tegin Shah". Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. 2012–2013. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗12. ↑ALRAM, MICHAEL (2014). "From the Sasanians to the Huns New Numismatic Evidence from the Hindu Kush". _The Numismatic Chronicle_. **174**: 279\. ISSN 0078-2696. JSTOR 44710198.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗13. ↑Khan, Yusuf Husain (1971). _Indo-Muslim Polity (Turko-Afghan Period)_. Indian Institute of Advanced Study.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗14. ↑Fisher, Michael H. (18 October 2018). _An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century_. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-11162-2. In 1290, the Turk-Afghan Khalji clan ended the first mamluk dynasty and then ruled in Delhi until one of their own Turkish mamluk commanders rebelled and established his own Tugluq dynasty
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗15. ↑Satish Chandra (2007). _History of Medieval India:800-1700_. Orient Longman. p.93\. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7. The Khalji rebellion was welcomed by the non-Turkish sections in the nobility. The Khaljis who were of a mixed Turkish-Afghan origin, did not exclude the Turks from high offices, but the rise of the Khaljis to power ended the Turkish monopoly of high offices
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗16. ↑"ḴALAJ i. TRIBE – Encyclopaedia Iranica". _iranicaonline.org_. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗17. ↑Rezakhani, Khodadad (15 March 2017). _ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity_. Edinburgh University Press. p.165\. ISBN 978-1-4744-0030-5. A Bactrian Document (BD T) from this period brings interesting information about the area to our attention. In it, dated to BE 476 (701 AD), a princess identified as \`Bag-aziyas, the Great Turkish Princess, the Queen of Qutlugh Tapaghligh Bilga Sävüg, the Princess of the Khalach, the Lady of Kadagestan offers alms to the local god of the region of Rob, known as Kamird, for the health of (her) child. Inaba, arguing for the Khalaj identity of the kings of Kabul, takes this document as a proof that the Khalaj princess is from Kabul and has been offered to the (Hephthalite) king of Kadagestan, thus becoming the lady of that region. The identification of Kadagestan as a Hephthalite stronghold is based on Grenet's suggestion of the sur
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗18. ↑Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava 1966, p.98: "His ancestors, after having migrated from Turkistan, had lived for over 200 years in the Helmand valley and Lamghan, parts of Afghanistan called Garmasir or the hot region, and had adopted Afghan manners and customs. They were, therefore, looked upon as Afghans by the Turkish nobles in India as they had intermarried with local Afghans and adopted their customs and manners. They were looked down as non Turks by Turks."
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed19. ↑Abraham Eraly (2015). _The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate_. Penguin Books. p.126\. ISBN 978-93-5118-658-8. "The prejudice of Turks was however misplaced in this case, for Khaljis were actually ethnic Turks. But they had settled in Afghanistan long before the Turkish rule was established there, and had over the centuries adopted Afghan customs and practices, intermarried with the local people, and were therefore looked down on as non-Turks by pure-bred Turks."
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗20. ↑Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002). _History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D._ Atlantic. p.28\. ISBN 81-269-0123-3. "The Khaljis were a Turkish tribe but having been long domiciled in Afghanistan, had adopted some Afghan habits and customs. They were treated as Afghans in Delhi Court. They were regarded as barbarians. The Turkish nobles had opposed the ascent of Jalal-ud-din to the throne of Delhi."
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗21. ↑_The New Cambridge History of Islam_ (Volume 3ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 9781316184363.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗22. ↑Wink, André (2020). _The Making of the Indo-Islamic World C.700-1800 CE_. Cambridge University Press. p.80\. ISBN 9781108417747.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗23. ↑Wink, André (1991). _Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World_ (Volume 2ed.). E.J. Brill. p.116\. ISBN 9004102361.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗24. ↑_Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages_. Oxford University Press. 2021. p.469\. ISBN 9780191077432.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗25. ↑Minorsky, Vladimir (1978). _The Turks, Iran and the Caucasus in the Middle Ages_. Variorum Reprints. p.53\. ISBN 9780860780281.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed26. ↑Pierre Oberling (15 December 2010). "ḴALAJ i. TRIBE". _Encyclopaedia Iranica_. Retrieved 4 July 2020. Indeed, it seems very likely that \the Khalaj\ formed the core of the Pashto-speaking Ghilji tribe, the name \Ghilji\ being derived from Khalaj.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗27. Jump up to: 1 2Sunil Kumar 1994, p.36.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed28. ↑Ahmad Hasan Dani 1999, pp.180–181.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed29. ↑Ahmad Hasan Dani 1999, pp.180.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed30. Jump up to: 1 2Sunil Kumar 1994, p.31.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed31. ↑Mohammad Aziz Ahmad (1939). "The Foundation of Muslim Rule in India. (1206-1290 A.d.)". _Proceedings of the Indian History Congress_. **3**. Indian History Congress: 841. JSTOR 44252438.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗32. Jump up to: 1 2 3Peter Jackson 2003.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed33. ↑Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava 1966, p.141.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed34. ↑A. B. M. Habibullah (1992) \1970\. "The Khaljis: Jalaluddin Khalji". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.). _The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)_. A Comprehensive History of India. Vol.5\. The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House. p.312\. OCLC 31870180.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗35. ↑Peter Jackson 2003, pp.81–86.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed36. Jump up to: 1 2 3 4Vincent A Smith, The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Chapter 2, Oxford University Press
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed37. ↑_New Indian Antiquary:Volume 2_. the University of California. 1939. p.545.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗38. ↑_Journal of the University of Bombay: Volumes 17-18_. University of Bombay. 1948. p.8\. salim of samana, the silahdar, accompanied the position behind the Sultan
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗39. Jump up to: 1 2 3William Wilson Hunter, _The Indian Empire: Its Peoples, History, and Products_, p. 334, at Google Books, WH Allen & Co., London, pp 334-336
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗40. ↑P. M. Holt et al. 1977, pp.8–14.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed41. ↑Satish Chandra (2004). _Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526)_. Har-Anand Publications. p.269\. ISBN 9788124110645.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗42. ↑Yasin Mazhar Siddiqi (1972). "the Kotwals under the Sultans of Delhi". _Proceedings of the Indian History Congress_. Indian History Congress: 194. JSTOR 44145331. Nusrat Khan Jalesari who was the Kotwal in the first year of the Alai reign was an Indian Muslim
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗43. ↑_The Life and Works of Sultan Alauddin Khalji_. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. 1992. ISBN 9788171563623. the Sultan appointed his Wazir Nusrat Khan to deal with the Jalali nobles...Nusrat Khan confiscated property worth about one crore. This brought to an end the influence of the Jalali nobles and strengthened the government treasury. In addition, the Sultan got a happy riddance from a nobility, whose loyalty was always doubtful. After this, he created a new nobility whose distinctive feature was its loyalty and friendship of Ala-ud-Din
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗44. ↑SHAIKH ABDUL LATIF (1993). "The Indian Elements in the Bureaucracy of the Delhi Sultanate". _Proceedings of the Indian History Congress_. **54**. Indian History Congress: 159. JSTOR 44142942.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗45. ↑Fouzia Farooq Ahmed (27 September 2016). _Muslim Rule in Medieval India: Power and Religion in the Delhi Sultanate_. Bloomsbury. p.151\. ISBN 9781786730824.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗46. ↑Kaushik Roy (2003). _Warfare in Pre-British India - 1500BCE to 1740CE_. Routledge. ISBN 9781317586913. Malik Naik(a Hindu convert to Islam)
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗47. ↑Satish Chandra (2004). _Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) = Part One_. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124110645.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗48. ↑AL. P. Sharma (1987). _History of medieval India (1000-1740 A.D.)_. TKonark Publishers. ISBN 9788122000429.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗49. ↑_Old NCERT History Medieval India by Satish Chandra (Class 11)_. Mocktime Publications.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗50. ↑Frank Fanselow (1989), Muslim society in Tamil Nadu (India): an historical perspective, Journal Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, 10(1), pp 264-289
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed51. Jump up to: 1 2 3Hermann Kulke & Dietmar Rothermund 2004.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed52. Jump up to: 1 2Sastri (1955), pp 206–208
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed53. ↑"Khalji Dynasty". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗54. ↑_Antiquities from San Thomé and Mylapore_. 1936\. pp.264–265.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗55. ↑Beaujard, Philippe (2019). "Chapter 8". _The worlds of the Indian Ocean: a global history: a revised and updated translation_. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-42456-1. The sultan captured the Rajput fort of Chitor, in Rājasthān, and in 1310 he subjected most of the Deccan to his power. He took Devagiri – the capital of the Yādava – in 1307
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed56. Jump up to: 1 2Vincent A Smith, _The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911_, p. 217, at Google Books, Chapter 2, pp 231-235, Oxford University Press
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗57. ↑The Life and Works of Sultan Alauddin Khalji- By Ghulam Sarwar Khan Niazi
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗58. Jump up to: 1 2 3P. M. Holt et al. 1977, pp.9–13.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed59. ↑Irfan Habib 1982, pp.61–62.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed60. ↑Ram Shankar Tripathi (1989). _History of Kanauj To the Moslem Conquest_. Motilal Banarsidass. p.327\. ISBN 9788120804784. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗61. Jump up to: 1 2Simon Digby (1971). _War-horse and Elephant in the Dehli Sultanate_. Orient Monographs. p.24\. ISBN 9780903871006. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗62. ↑Kaushik Roy (2015). _Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500BCE to 1740CE_. Taylor & Francis. p.219\. ISBN 9781317586920. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗63. Jump up to: 1 2 3 4Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund (1998), A History of India, 3rd Edition, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-15482-0, pp 161-162
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed64. ↑Peter Jackson 2003, pp.196–202.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed65. ↑N. Jayapalan (2008), Economic History of India: Ancient to Present Day, Atlantic Publishers, pp. 81-83, ISBN 978-8-126-90697-0
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed66. Jump up to: 1 2Kenneth Kehrer (1963), The Economic Policies of Ala-ud-Din Khalji, Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society, vol. 16, pp. 55-66
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed67. ↑Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava 1953, pp.156–158.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed68. Jump up to: 1 2Peter Jackson 2003, pp.244–248.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed69. ↑M.A. Farooqi (1991), The economic policy of the Sultans of Delhi, Konark publishers, ISBN 978-8122002263
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed70. ↑Irfan Habib (1984), The price regulations of Alauddin Khalji - a defense of Zia Barani, Indian Economic and Social History Review, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 393-414
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed71. Jump up to: 1 2K.S. Lal (1967), History of the Khaljis, Asian Publishing House, ISBN 978-8121502115, pp 201-204
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed72. ↑Vincent A Smith (1983), The Oxford History of India, Oxford University Press, pp 245-247
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed73. ↑Irfan Habib 1982, pp.87–88.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed74. ↑Irfan Habib 1982, pp.62–63.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed75. ↑Raychaudhuri et al. (1982), The Cambridge Economic History of India: c. 1200-1750, Orient Longman, pp 89-93
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed76. ↑Irfan Habib (January 1978). "Economic History of the Delhi Sultanate - An Essay in Interpretation". _The Indian Historical Review_. **IV** (2): 293.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed77. ↑Scott Levi (November 2002). "Hindus beyond the Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade". _Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society_. **12** (3): 281–283\. JSTOR 25188289.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗78. ↑Alexander Cunningham (1873), Archaeological Survey of India, Report for the year 1871-72, Volume 3, page 8
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed79. ↑UNESCO, Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi, World Heritage Site
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗80. Jump up to: 1 2 3Peter Jackson 2003, pp.49–52.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed81. ↑Irfan Habib (1981), "Barani's theory of the history of the Delhi Sultanate", Indian Historical Review, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp 99-115
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed82. ↑Kishori Saran Lal 1950, p.385.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessed83. Peter Gottschalk (27 October 2005). _Beyond Hindu and Muslim: Multiple Identity in Narratives from Village India_. Oxford University Press. p.99\. ISBN 978-0-19-976052-7.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗84. Heramb Chaturvedi (2016). _Allahabad School of History 1915-1955_. Prabhat. p.222\. ISBN 978-81-8430-346-9.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Abraham Eraly (2015). _The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate_. Penguin Books. p.178\. ISBN 978-93-5118-658-8.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Ahmad Hasan Dani (1999). _History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750_. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1540-7.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1966). _The History of India, 1000 A.D.-1707 A.D._ (Seconded.). Shiva Lal Agarwala. OCLC 575452554.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗- Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava (1953). _The Sultanate of Delhi_. S. L. Agarwala. OCLC 555201052.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗- Hermann Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). _A History of India_. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-32919-4.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Irfan Habib (1982). "Northern India under the Sultanate: Agrarian Economy". In Tapan Raychaudhuri; Irfan Habib (eds.). _The Cambridge Economic History of India_. Vol.1, c.1200 –c.1750. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-22692-9.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Kishori Saran Lal (1950). _History of the Khaljis (1290-1320)_. Allahabad: The Indian Press. OCLC 685167335.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗- Marshall Cavendish (2006). _World and Its Peoples: The Middle East, Western Asia, and Northern Africa_. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 0-7614-7571-0.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Peter Malcolm Holt; Ann K. S. Lambton; Bernard Lewis, eds. (1977). _The Cambridge History of Islam_. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29138-5.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Peter Jackson (2003). _The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History_. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Radhey Shyam Chaurasia (2002). _History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D._ Atlantic. ISBN 81-269-0123-3.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗- Sunil Kumar (1994). "When Slaves were Nobles: The Shamsi Bandagan in the Early Delhi Sultanate". _Studies in History_. **10** (1): 23–52\. doi: 10.1177/025764309401000102. S2CID 162388463.
Listed by Wikipedia; underlying work not assessedSource / catalogue ↗ Additional / archive link ↗ Additional / archive link ↗
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