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Golden Temple

172 reference entries captured from the article’s notes and bibliography.

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These entries include all references extracted from this article, including works about architecture, origins and other subjects. They do not all support destruction claims. Bibliographic capture does not mean that the original work was read. Some references cite another bibliography entry rather than a URL.

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  1. 1. ↑also known as the **Harmandir Sāhib**lit.'House of God', Panjabi: _harimandara sāhiba_, pronouncedɦəɾᵊmən̪d̪əɾᵊ saːɦ(ɪ)bᵊ, or the **Darbār Sāhib**, lit.''exalted court'', Punjabi pronunciation:d̪əɾᵊbaːɾᵊ saːɦ(ɪ)bᵊ

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  2. 2. ↑Makhan Singh died in September 1863.

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  3. 1. ↑"Tourism Dept fails to promote gurdwaras situated in Golden Temple periphery". _The Tribune_. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 13 September 2025.

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  4. 2. 1Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair 2013, pp.41–42.

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  5. 3. 1Kerr, Ian J. (2011). "Harimandar". In Harbans Singh (ed.). _Encyclopaedia of Sikhism_. Punjabi University Patiala. pp.239–248. Retrieved 1 July 2018.

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  6. 4. ↑Eleanor Nesbitt 2016, pp.64–65, 150.

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  7. 5. 1. _Encyclopedia Britannica_. 2014. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

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  8. 6. 1"The Golden Temple - Amritsar's Sacred Heart". _Incredible India_. Retrieved 21 August 2026.

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  9. 7. ↑"Soon, Golden Temple to use phone jammers". _The Times of India_. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2023.`{{cite news}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)

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  10. 8. ↑Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar, Punjab 16 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine, UNESCO

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  11. 9. 1Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, p.33.

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  12. 10. 1Pardeep Singh Arshi 1989, pp.5–7.

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  13. 11. 1W. Owen Cole 2004, p.7

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  14. 12. 1M. L. Runion (2017). _The History of Afghanistan, 2nd Edition_. Greenwood. pp.69–71. ISBN978-0-313-33798-7. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

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  15. 13. 1Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson & Paul Schellinger 2012, pp.28–29.

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  16. 14. ↑Eleanor Nesbitt 2016, pp.64–65.

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  17. 15. ↑Jean Marie Lafont (2002). _Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers_. Oxford University Press. pp.95–96. ISBN978-0-19-566111-8.

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  18. 16. ↑Fenech, Louis E. (2014). _The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies_. OUP Oxford. pp.30–31. ISBN978-0-19-969930-8. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023. But this strategy backfired in the spring of 1984, when a group of armed radicals led by Bhindranwale decided to provoke a confrontation with the government by occupying Akal Takhat building inside the Golden Temple complex.

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  19. 17. ↑"Nature and importance of Harmandir Sahib – Pilgrimage". _BBC_ (GCSE Religious Studies Revision ed.). Archived from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2022.

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  20. 18. ↑Asher, Catherine Blanshard (1992). _Architecture of Mughal India_. Cambridge University Press. p.316. ISBN978-0-521-26728-1. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022. Situated in the middle of an enormous tank connected to land via a long causeway, the shrine is known as Harimandir.

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  21. 19. 1Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, p.146.

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  22. 20. ↑McLeod, W.H. (2014). _Historical Dictionary of Sikhism_. Rowman & Littlefield. p.269. ISBN978-1442236011.

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  23. 21. ↑Henry Walker 2002, pp.95–98.

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  24. 22. ↑H. S. Singha (2000). _The Encyclopedia of Sikhism_. Hemkunt Press. p.97. ISBN978-81-7010-301-1.

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  25. 23. ↑Arshi, Pardeep Singh (1989). _The Golden Temple: History, Art, and Architecture_. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House. ISBN9788185151250.

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  26. 24. 1Kaur, Madanjit (1983). _The Golden Temple: Past and Present_. Preface by Pritam Singh (1st ed.). Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University Press – via Panjab Digital Library.

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  27. 25. 1G.S. Mansukhani. "Encyclopaedia of Sikhism". Punjab University Patiala. Archived from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.

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  28. 26. ↑Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair 2013, pp.38–40.

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  29. 27. 1Christopher Shackle & Arvind Mandair 2013, pp.xv–xvi.

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  30. 28. ↑W. H. McLeod 1990, pp.28–29.

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  31. 29. ↑Mahindara Siṅgha Joshī (1994). _Guru Arjan Dev_. Sahitya Akademi. pp.6–8. ISBN978-81-7201-769-9.

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  32. 30. ↑Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair 2013, pp.42–43.

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  33. 31. ↑Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, p.67.

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  34. 32. ↑Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, p.205.

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  35. 33. ↑Rishi Singh (2015). _State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab_. Sage Publications India. ISBN978-9351505044. It is, however, possible that Mian Mir, who had close links to Guru Arjan, was invited and present at the time of the laying of the foundation stone, even if he did not lay the foundation stone himself.

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  36. 34. ↑Rishi Singh (2015). _State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony: Post-Mughal 19th-century Punjab_. Sage Publications India. ISBN978-9351505044.

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  37. 35. ↑Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh 2011, pp.34–35.

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  38. 36. ↑Madanjit Kaur (1983). _The Golden Temple: Past and Present_. Amritsar: Dept. of Guru Nanak Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University Press. p.174. OCLC18867609. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 2 September 2020.

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  39. 37. 1W. Owen Cole 2004, pp.6–9

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  40. 38. 1Pashaura Singh & Louis E. Fenech 2014, pp.435–436.

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  41. 39. 1Pashaura Singh (2005). "Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan". _Journal of Punjab Studies_. **12** (1): 29–62. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.

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  42. 40. 1W. H. McLeod (2009). "Arjan's Death". _The A to Z of Sikhism_. Scarecrow Press. p.20. ISBN978-0810863446. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2020. The Mughal rulers of Punjab were evidently concerned with the growth of the Panth, and in 1605 the Emperor Jahangir made an entry in his memoirs, the _Tuzuk-i-Jahāṅgīrī_, concerning Guru Arjan's support for his rebellious son Khusrau Mirza. Too many people, he wrote, were being persuaded by his teachings, and if the Guru would not become a Muslim the Panth had to be extinguished. Jahangir believed that Guru Arjan was a Hindu who pretended to be a saint and that he had been thinking of forcing Guru Arjan to convert to Islam or his false trade should be eliminated, for a long time. Mughal authorities seem to have been responsible for Arjan's death in custody in Lahore, and this may be accepted as an established f

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  43. 41. ↑Louis E. Fenech, Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition, Oxford University Press, pp. 118–121

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  44. 42. 1Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, pp.146–147.

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  45. 43. ↑Syan 2014, p.176.

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  46. 44. ↑W. H. McLeod (2005). _Historical Dictionary of Sikhism_. Scarecrow. pp.130–131. ISBN978-0-8108-5088-0.

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  47. 45. ↑Harbans Singh (1992–1998). _The encyclopaedia of Sikhism_. Vol.3. Patiala: Punjabi University. p.88. ISBN0-8364-2883-8. OCLC29703420.

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  48. 46. 1Singh, Sudarshan. "TATT KHĀLSĀ". _The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism (Online Conversion)_. Punjabi University, Patiala. Retrieved 29 August 2026.

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  49. 47. 1Kang, Kanwarjit Singh (1988). "13. Art and Architecture of the Golden Temple". _Punjab Art and Culture_. Atma Ram & Sons. pp.56–62. ISBN9788170430964.

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  50. 48. 1Rai, Gurmeet S.; Kaur, Manpreet (March 2017). Lambah, Abha Narain (ed.). "Sikh Architecture: Identity and Symbolism". _Marg_. **68** (3): 47.

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  51. 49. ↑Pardeep Singh Arshi 1989, pp.22–25.

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  52. 50. 1Bakshi, Artika Aurora; Dhillon, Ganeev Kaur. "The Mural Arts of Panjab". _Nishaan Nagaara Magazine_. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023.

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  53. 51. ↑Singh, Harbans (2011). _The Encyclopedia of Sikhism Volume II E-L_ (3rd ed.). Punjabi University, Patiala. pp.131–132. ISBN978-81-7380-204-1.

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  54. 52. ↑Gupta, Hari (2007). _History Of The Sikhs Vol. II Evolution Of Sikh Confederacies (1707–69)_. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p.216. ISBN978-81-215-0248-1.

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  55. 53. ↑Patwant Singh (2008). _Empire of the Sikhs: The Life and Times of Maharaja Ranjit Singh_. Peter Owen. pp.18, 177. ISBN978-0-7206-1323-0.

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  56. 54. ↑www.DiscoverSikhism.com. _The Encyclopedia Of Sikhism - Volume II E-L_.

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  57. 55. ↑"Maharaja Ranjit Singh's contributions to Harimandir Sahib". Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2019.

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  58. 56. ↑Pandharipande, Reeti; Nadimpally, Lasya (5 August 2017). "A Brief History of The Nizams of Hyderabad". _Outlook Traveller_. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2021.

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  59. 57. ↑Sohan Lal Suri. 19th century. Umdat-ut-tawarikh, Daftar III, Part 2, trans. V.S. Suri, (1961) 2002, Amritsar: Guru Nanak Dev University, f. 260

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  60. 58. ↑Nama, Khalsa (8 March 2024). "The Origins of the Giani Samprada: Giani Surat Singh". _The Khalsa Chronicle_. Retrieved 26 July 2024.

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  61. 59. ↑"The Kapurs, including Bhai Jawahir Singh Kapur".

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  62. 60. ↑Kochhar, Aashish (24 July 2020). "Clock Tower of Amritsar: Casting a Long Shadow". _Peepul Tree_. Retrieved 17 August 2026.

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  63. 61. ↑Brar, Sandeep Singh (2011). "Clock Tower - A British Vision". _Sikh Museum_. Retrieved 16 August 2026.

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  64. 62. ↑"Amritsar's Monstrous Clock Tower". _Asia Samachar_. 28 September 2023. Retrieved 16 August 2026.

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  65. 63. ↑_The Sikh Review, Volume 18, Issues 186-195_. Sikh Cultural Centre. 1969. p.55.

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  66. 64. ↑Arshi, Pardeep Singh (1989). _The Golden Temple: History, Art, and Architecture_. p.113. ISBN9788185151250.

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  67. 65. ↑"Folk-lore". _Folk-lore_. **19**. Indian Folk-lore Society, Indian Publications: 101. 1978.

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  68. 66. ↑Oman, John Campbell (1971). _Cults, Customs, and Superstitutions of India: Comprising Studies and Sketches of Interesting Peculiarities in the Beliefs, Festivals and Domestic Life of the Indian People; Also of Witchcraft and Demoniacal Possession, as Known Amongst Them_. Vishal Publishers. p.98.

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  69. 67. ↑Kohli, Surindar Singh (2001). "Ball-Lightning in Hari-Mandir". _Strange But True in Sikhism_. Delhi: National Book Shop. pp.11–18. ISBN9788171162963– via Internet Archive.

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  70. 68. ↑"The Golden Temple of Amritsar: Reflections of the Past (1808-1959)". _Kashi House_. Retrieved 29 August 2026.

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  71. 69. ↑"The Miracle: Reviving the Sikh Panth". _SikhNet_. 23 May 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2026.

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  72. 70. ↑Sohi, Jasmin (3 February 2026). "Returning to One's Roots: A Trip to India". _The Science Survey_. Retrieved 29 August 2026.

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  73. 71. ↑"Miracle saved panth". Sikhnet.com. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2014.

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  74. 72. ↑Swami, Praveen (16 January 2014). "RAW chief consulted MI6 in build-up to Operation Bluestar". _The Hindu_. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 18 January 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2014.

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  75. 73. ↑Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 332.

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  76. 74. 1"Operation Blue Star: India's first tryst with militant extremism". _DNA_. 5 November 2016. Archived from the original on 3 November 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.

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  77. 75. ↑"Sikh Leader in Punjab Accord Assassinated". _LA Times_. Times Wire Services. 21 August 1985. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2018. The Punjab violence reached a peak in June, 1984, when the army attacked the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the holiest Sikh shrine, killing hundreds of Sikh militants who lived in the temple complex, and who the government said had turned it into an armory for Sikh terrorism.

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  78. 76. ↑Wolpert, Stanley A., ed. (2009). "India". _Encyclopædia Britannica_.

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  79. 77. ↑Kiessling, Hein (2016). _Faith, Unity, Discipline: The Inter-Service-Intelligence (ISI) of Pakistan_. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-1849048637. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

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  80. 78. ↑Varinder Walia (20 March 2007). "Army reveals startling facts on Bluestar". _Tribune India_. Archived from the original on 5 July 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.

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  81. 79. ↑_White Paper on the Punjab Agitation_. Shiromani Akali Dal and Government of India. 1984. p.169. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

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  82. 80. ↑Kiss, Peter A. (2014). _Winning Wars amongst the People: Case Studies in Asymmetric Conflict_ (Illustrated ed.). Potomac Books. p.100. ISBN978-1612347004. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

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  83. 81. ↑Hamlyn, Michael (12 June 1984). "Amritsar witness puts death toll at 1000". _The Times_. p.7.

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  84. 82. ↑Eric Silver (7 June 1984). "Golden Temple Sikhs Surrender". _The Guardian_. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.

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  85. 83. ↑Chellaney, Brahma (14 June 1984). "Sikhs in Amritsar 'tied up and shot'". _The Times_.

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  86. 84. ↑"India is set to drop prosecution of AP reporter in Punjab Case". _The New York Times_. Associated Press. 14 September 1985. p.5. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2009.

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  87. 85. ↑"Indian Police Question Reporter on Amritsar". _The New York Times_. Associated Press. 24 November 1984. Archived from the original on 3 January 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2009.

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  88. 86. ↑Westerlund, David (1996). _Questioning The Secular State: The Worldwide Resurgence of Religion in Politics_. C. Hurst & Co. p.1276. ISBN978-1-85065-241-0.

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  89. 87. ↑Sandhu, Kanwar (15 May 1990). "Sikh Army deserters are paying the price for their action". India Today. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.

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  90. 88. ↑Singh, Pritam (2008). _Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy_. Routledge. p.45. ISBN978-0-415-45666-1. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2020.

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  91. 89. ↑"Five years on, govt yet to announce closure of Galliara Project: The Tribune India". Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.

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  92. 90. ↑"SGPC seeks control of Golden Temple galliara, heritage street". _Hindustan Times_. 31 July 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.

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  93. 91. ↑"Golden Temple: Galiara haven for drug addicts, cops claim 'no info'". 12 July 2016. Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.

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  94. 92. ↑"Nanhi Chhaan's Golden Temple 'galliara' upkeep contract ends: The Tribune India". Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.

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  95. 93. ↑"Golden temple's galiara, a picture of complete neglect". Archived from the original on 26 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023– via PressReader.

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  96. 94. ↑Rana, Yudhvir (19 December 2021). "Amritsar: Youth disrupts religious service in Golden Temple". _Times of India_. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2021.

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  97. 95. ↑"National Security Guard team at Amritsar twin blast site". _ANI News_. 9 May 2023. Archived from the original on 16 May 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2023.

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  98. 96. ↑Rai, Gurmeet; Singh, Kavita (June 2003). "Brick by Sacred Brick: Architectural Projects of Guru Arjan and Guru Hargobind". _Marg_. **54** (4): 12–29.

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  99. 97. ↑Eleanor Nesbitt 2016, pp.64–65

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  100. 98. ↑Pardeep Singh Arshi 1989, pp.97–116.

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  101. 99. 1Gene R. Thursby (1992). _The Sikhs_. Brill. pp.14–15. ISBN90-04-09554-3.

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  102. 100. ↑Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh (2004). _Sikhism_. Infobase Publishing. pp.100–101. ISBN978-1-4381-1779-9.

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  103. 101. ↑Pardeep Singh Arshi 1989, pp.68–73.

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  104. 102. ↑Fahlbusch, Erwin; Geoffrey William Bromiley (1999). _The encyclopedia of Christianity_ (Reprint ed.). Leiden: Brill. ISBN978-90-04-14596-2. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2016.

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  105. 103. ↑Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh 2011, p.80.

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  106. 104. ↑Pashaura Singh; Norman Gerald Barrier; W. H. McLeod (2004). _Sikhism and History_. Oxford University Press. pp.201–215. ISBN978-0-19-566708-0.

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  107. 105. ↑W. Owen Cole 2004, p.10.

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  108. 106. ↑Pashaura Singh & Louis E. Fenech 2014, p.435.

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  109. 107. 1Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, pp.74–75.

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  110. 108. ↑Pashaura Singh; Norman Gerald Barrier (1999). _Sikh Identity: Continuity and Change_. Manohar. p.264. ISBN978-81-7304-236-2. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2019.

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  111. 109. 1Ian Talbot (2016). _A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas_. Yale University Press. pp.80–81 with Figure 8. ISBN978-0-300-19694-8.

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  112. 110. ↑Shikha Jain (2015). Yamini Narayanan (ed.). _Religion and Urbanism: Reconceptualising Sustainable Cities for South Asia_. Routledge. pp.76–77. ISBN978-1-317-75542-5.

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  113. 111. ↑H. S. Singha (2000). _The Encyclopedia of Sikhism (over 1000 Entries)_. Hemkunt Press. p.64. ISBN978-81-7010-301-1.

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  114. 112. ↑Bruce M. Sullivan (2015). _Sacred Objects in Secular Spaces: Exhibiting Asian Religions in Museums_. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp.76–78. ISBN978-1-4725-9083-1.

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  115. 113. ↑"Golden Temple's hi-tech basement showcases Sikh history, ethos opens for pilgrims". _Hindustan Times_. 22 December 2016. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.

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  116. 114. ↑G. S. Paul (22 December 2016). "Golden Temple's story comes alive at its plaza". _Tribune India_. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2019.

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  117. 115. ↑Louis E. Fenech (2000). _Martyrdom in the Sikh Tradition: Playing the "game of Love"_. Oxford University Press. pp.44–45, 57–61, 114–115, 157 with notes. ISBN978-0-19-564947-5.

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  118. 116. ↑K Singh (1984). _The Sikh Review, Volume 32, Issues 361–372_. Sikh Cultural Centre. p.114.

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  119. 117. 1"Amrit Sarovar". _Golden Temple Amritsar_. Retrieved 12 November 2025.

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  120. 118. ↑"Dens of belief: Akharas of Amritsar". _The Tribune_. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2025.

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  121. 119. 1Kaur, Daljeet; Jain, P. C.; Singh, Rajbir (2006). _Sri Harimandar Sahib: The Body Visible of the Invisible Supreme_. Prakash Books. p.38. ISBN9788172340568.

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  122. 120. ↑"Five Sarovars of Amritsar". _Golden Temple Amritsar_. Retrieved 12 November 2025.

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  123. 121. ↑Chaudhary, Srishti; Reichel, Raphael (13 June 2023). "Amritsar: The Indian city where no one goes hungry". _BBC_. Retrieved 29 April 2025.

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  124. 122. 1Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh 2011, pp.81–82.

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  125. 123. 1Kristina Myrvold (2016). _The Death of Sacred Texts: Ritual Disposal and Renovation of Texts in World Religions_. Routledge. pp.125–144. ISBN978-1-317-03640-1.

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  126. 124. ↑"The Golden Temple of Amritsar: Reflections of the Past (1808-1959)". _Kashi House_. Retrieved 29 August 2026. This landmark publication includes nearly 500 artists' and photographers' impressions, including the earliest known painting (an Indian miniature dated c. 1825) and photograph (dated c. 1856) of the shrine.

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  128. 126. ↑Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair 2013, pp.85–86.

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  129. 127. ↑Louis E. Fenech & W. H. McLeod 2014, pp.273–274.

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  130. 128. ↑Pashaura Singh & Louis E. Fenech 2014, pp.28–29, 73–76.

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  131. 129. ↑Harjot Oberoi (1994). _The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition_. University of Chicago Press. pp.382–383. ISBN978-0-226-61593-6.

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  132. 130. 1Kenneth W. Jones (1976). _Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab_. University of California Press. pp.211–212. ISBN978-0-520-02920-0.

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  133. 131. ↑W. H. McLeod (2009). "Idol Worship". _The A to Z of Sikhism_. Scarecrow Press. p.97. ISBN978-0-8108-6344-6.

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  134. 132. ↑Harjot Oberoi (1994). _The Construction of Religious Boundaries: Culture, Identity, and Diversity in the Sikh Tradition_. University of Chicago Press. pp.320–327. ISBN978-0-226-61593-6.

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  135. 133. ↑Pashaura Singh & Louis E. Fenech 2014, pp.542–543.

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  136. 134. ↑Deol, Harnik (2003). _Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab_. Routledge. pp.75–78. ISBN978-1134635351. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2019.

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  137. 135. 1Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh (2013). _Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed_ (illustrated ed.). London: A&C Black. p.83. ISBN978-1441102317. Retrieved 1 May 2019.

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  138. 136. ↑Kristen Haar; Sewa Singh Kalsi (2009). _Sikhism_. Infobase Publishing. p.112. ISBN978-1-4381-0647-2.

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  139. 137. ↑Pashaura Singh & Louis E. Fenech 2014, pp.433–434.

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  140. 138. ↑Doad 1997, p.391.

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  141. 139. ↑Bal 1985, p.419.

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  142. 140. ↑Doad 1997, p.392.

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  143. 141. 1Doad 1997, p.397.

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  144. 142. ↑Bal 1985, p.426.

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  145. 143. ↑Doad 1997, p.398.

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  146. 144. ↑Doad 1997, p.404.

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  148. 146. ↑Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Volume II: 1839–2004, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 337.

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  149. 147. ↑Tully, Mark (3 June 2014). "Wounds heal but another time bomb ticks away". _Gunfire Over the Golden Temple_. The Times of India. Archived from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 15 June 2018.

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  150. 148. ↑Brian Keith Axel (2001). _The Nation's Tortured Body: Violence, Representation, and the Formation of a Sikh "Diaspora"_. Duke University Press. pp.96–107. ISBN0-8223-2615-9. Archived from the original on 8 March 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

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  153. 151. 1"Śrī Darbār Sāhib de sevakāṁ dā hāl!" ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੇ ਸੇਵਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਹਾਲ!The condition (or state) of the servants/attendants of Sri Darbar Sahib!. _Rapōṭ Śrī Darbār Sāhib_ ਰਪੋਟ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਦਰਬਾਰ ਸਾਹਿਬ_Report Sri Darbar Sahib_ (in Punjabi). Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. 1930. pp.19–25 – via Panjab Digital Library.

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  157. 155. ↑Mirza, Sarfaraz Hussain; Hasnat, Syed Farooq; Mahmood, Sohail (1985). _The Sikh Question: From Constitutional Demands to Armed Conflict_. Centre for South Asian Studies. pp.162–165.

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  158. 156. 1_Journal of Regional History, Volume 3_. Department of History, Guru Nanak Dev University. 1982. pp.93–95.

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