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Emirate of Multan

37 reference entries captured from the article’s notes and bibliography.

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1. 1. ↑The Sun Temple is mentioned in al-Muqaddasi's chronicle of 985. We do not know about the date of Shayban's death but his successor Shaykh Hamid entered into a truce with Sabuktigin in 991. So, the temple must have been demolished sometime in-between.

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2. 1. 1N. A. Baloch; A. Q. Rafiqi (1998). "The regions of Sind, Baluchistan, Multan and Kashmir". _History of Civilizations of Central Asia_. Vol.4. UNESCO. pp.298–300, 302–303. ISBN9789231034671.

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3. 2. ↑Ahmad Nabi Khan (1974). "Multan During the Rule of the Arabs and the Ismailis". In Ahmad Hasan Dani; Waheed-uz-Zaman (eds.). _Proceedings of the First Congress of Pakistan History & Culture Held at the University of Islamabad, April 1973: Addresses and proceedings and papers_. University of Islamabad Press. pp.280–282.

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4. 3. ↑Flood, Finbar Barry (2011). "Conflict and Cosmopolitanism in "Arab" Sind". In Rebecca M. Brown; Deborah S. Hutton (eds.). _A Companion to Asian Art and Architecture_. Wiley. p.387. ISBN978-1-4443-9632-4.

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5. 4. 1MacLean, Derryl N. (1989). _Religion and Society in Arab Sind_. Brill. ISBN9789004085510.

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6. 5. 1Flood, Finbarr Barry (2009). _Objects of Translation: Material Culture and Medieval "Hindu-Muslim" Encounter_. Princeton University Press. ISBN9780691125947.

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7. 6. ↑Ahmed, Bilal; Tandon, Pankaj; Bhandare, Shailendra (2020). "BILINGUAL COINS OF SULAYMAN: A SAMID AMIR OF MEDIEVAL MULTAN". _Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society_. **239**: 15.

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8. 7. ↑"ID: 3598758". _www.britishmuseum.org_. London: British Museum.

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9. 8. 1Habib, Irfan (2011). _Economic History of Medieval India, 1200–1500_. Pearson Education India. ISBN9788131727911.

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10. 9. ↑_A glossary of the tribes and castes of the Punjab and North-West

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11. 10. ↑Tajddin, Mumtaz Ali. "Ismaili Rule in Sind and Hind". _Encyclopaedia of Ismailism_. Retrieved 12 March 2017.

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12. 11. 1Samuel Miklos Stern (October 1949). "Ismāʿīlī Propaganda and Fatimid Rule in Sind". _Islamic Culture_. **23**. Islamic Culture Board: 303.

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13. 12. ↑Syed Sulaiman Nadvi (1964). _Indo-Arab Relations: An English Rendering of Arab O' Hind Ke Ta'llugat_. Institute of Indo-Middle East Cultural Studies. pp.167–168.

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14. 13. ↑MacLean, Derryl N. (2023). _Religion and Society in Arab Sind_. Brill. p.533. ISBN978-90-04-66929-1.

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15. 14. ↑. _referenceworks_. Retrieved 2024-05-22. "The Lōdīs are related to a clan of the Ghilzay tribe of Afghanistān see ghalzay and ruled over parts of north India for 77 years. Afghāns came to the Indus plains from Rōh q.v. as early as 934/711-12 with the army of Muḥammad b. Ķāsim, the conqueror of Sind, and allied themselves politically with the Hindū-Shāhī q.v. rulers of Lahore, and receiving part of Lāmghān see lāmghānāt for settlement, built a fort in the mountains of Peshawar to protect ¶ the Pandjāb from raids. During Alptigin's government at Ghazna, when his commander-in-chief Sebüktigin raided Lāmghān and Multān, the Afghans sought help from Rādjā Djaypāl who appointed their chief, Shaykh Ḥamīd Lōdī, viceroy of the wilāyats of Lamghān and Multān. Shaykh Ḥamīd appointed his own men as governors of those districts, and thereby the Afghāns gained political importance; their settlem

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16. 15. ↑Lal, Kishori Saran (1969). _Studies in Asian History: Proceedings of the Asian History Congress, 1961_. Published for the Indian Council for Cultural Relations by Asia Publishing House. ISBN978-0-210-22748-0.

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17. 16. ↑Ahmad, Zulfiqar (1988). _Notes on Punjab and Mughal India: Selections from Journal of the Punjab Historical Society_. Sang-e-Meel Publications. p.533.

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18. 17. ↑Nijjar, Bakhshish Singh (1968). _Panjāb Under The Sultāns 1000–1526_. Delhi: Sterling Publishers. p.16. OCLC251656510. Ferishta has erroneously written Lodi and the error has been repeated by Sir W. Haig.

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19. 18. ↑Yogendra Mishra (1972). _The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab, A.D. 865–1026: A Phase of Islamic Advance Into India_. Vaishali Bhavan. pp.100–101. Firishta's Lodi (or Afghan) is an obvious error for Lawi.

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20. 19. ↑Ahmad Nabi Khan (1974). "Multan During the Rule of the Arabs and the Ismailis". In Ahmad Hasan Dani; Waheed-uz-Zaman (eds.). _Proceedings of the First Congress of Pakistan History & Culture Held at the University of Islamabad, April 1973: Addresses and proceedings and papers_. University of Islamabad Press. pp.288–289. Ferishta tells that he was an Afghan chieftain and belonged to the Lodi family. This statement has been questioned by many scholars like Raverty, Hodivala, Nāzim, Sayyid Sulaiman Nadvi and others.

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21. 20. ↑Yogendra Mishra (1972). _The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab, A.D. 865–1026: A Phase of Islamic Advance Into India_. Vaishali Bhavan. pp.100–101.

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22. 21. ↑Yogendra Mishra (1972). _The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab, A.D. 865–1026: A Phase of Islamic Advance Into India_. Vaishali Bhavan. pp.102–103.

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23. 22. ↑Chandra, Satish (2004). _Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One_. Har-Anand Publications. pp.19–20. ISBN978-81-241-1064-5.

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24. 23. ↑Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). _A Historical atlas of South Asia_. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp.32, 146. ISBN0226742210. Archived from the original on 2024-12-04. Retrieved 2022-04-30.

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25. 24. ↑Blank, Jonah (2001). _Mullahs on the mainframe: Islam and modernity among the Daudi Bohras_. University of Chicago Press. p.37.

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26. 25. ↑Virani, Shafique N. _The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, A Search for Salvation_. New York: Oxford University Press. p.100.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

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27. 26. ↑Rahman, Samina. _Pre Mughal India_. p.61.

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28. 27. ↑Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). _Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Volume 1_. Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN9788120706170.

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29. 28. 1Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). _Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India, Volume 1_. Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN9788120706170.

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30. 29. ↑Yogendra Mishra (1972). _The Hindu Sahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab, A.D. 865–1026: A Phase of Islamic Advance Into India_. Vaishali Bhavan. pp.132–135.

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31. 30. ↑Khaliq Ahmed Nizami (2002). _Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century_. Oxford University Press. p.307.

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32. 31. ↑Nilima Sen Gupta (1984). _Cultural History of Kapisa and Gandhara_. Sundeep Prakashan. p.50.

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33. 32. ↑M. A. Qasem (1958). _Muslim Rule in India: From the Invasion of Muhammad-bin-Qasim to the Battle of Plassey, 712–1757 A.D_. Z. A. Qasem. p.42.

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34. 33. ↑Fauja Singh, ed. (1958). _History of the Punjab: A.D. 1000–1526_. Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University. pp.66, 75.

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35. 34. ↑Daftary, Farhad. _Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies_. Institute of Ismaili Studies; I B Taurius and Company. p.68.

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36. 35. ↑André Wink (1991). _Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume I: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries_. Brill. p.217. ISBN9789004092495.

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37. 36. ↑_Ismaili state in Multan_ (Online), 2021.

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